Preliminary Ethics as Review

A. Ethics Definition

Ethics is a thing to connection the filsafat primary branch which study some point or qualified to become standar and point of moral. Ethics encompass analytic and some application concept like right, wrong, good, bad and responbility. St. John of Damascus (7^th century before christ) replacing etihcs in study practical philosophy.

Etihcs is begining when a human reflect some ethics element from spontant opinion in our life. a requirement to reflection will be refleted, among other because our ethics opinion not usually different with  opinion from other people. For that we need ethics, that mean for finding information about   what is human (us) must to do.

In Metodologis, not every single of  action is can be judge to ethics. Etihcs need some attitude, critical, metodichal, and systematic from make some reflection. Because of that ethics is a one good science, ethics objection is human behavior. Ethics have viewpoint normatif. That mean  ethics is look the other good and bad for Human Behavior.

Ethics is divided become three main part: meta-ethics, ethics normative and applied ethics.

B. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

There are 8 ethics principle nursing which must knowing by nurse in giving service treatmen to the Individu, Group, and  people.

1.      Autonomy Principle is based with faith, that the individu is can think logical and make their decision. A mature is capability to make their own decision and the people must respected it. Autonomy is right autonomy and  individual freedome which demand to self-difference. One Example which not to see autonomy otonomi is telling the client about their good situation, even through getting disruption or deviation.

2.      Beneficience  principle is the principle which according to nurse for making something good, therefore it can prevent any error or evil. For example is the nurse advised  to klien about program exercise for restore health commonly.

3.      Justice.n This principle is reflection in professional practice when the nurse working for good treatment. a practice standar and faith which right to get qualified good service.

4.      Nonmaleficince this principle is not getiing bad effect such physic and psychological not getting danger  to client.

5.      Veracity this point of view is not only have by nurse but must have by all medical service to send the truth to all of each client for each but must to make all client understand.  

6.      Fidelity is big responsibility to nurse is to increase health, prevent the disceace, health regrenated, and minimize the  pain. to make it the nurse must have a commitment to keep promise and respect their commitment to other people.

7.      Confidentiality is the information about other client must procted by client privasion. to documentated about circumstances health client just can be read for need the treatment and health increase for client

8.      Accountability is the standar which certainly some people professional can be judge in situation with not clear. For the example the nurse have responsibility to their self, profesion, client, employee and people. if the nurse is wrong give the medicine to client, they can sue by the client who receive the medicine, the doctor who give task delegatif and people who demand the professional skill.

C. BASE OF ETHICAL THEORY

1. Teleogi Ethics

Teleogi Ethics is originated from Greece Word, Telos = Determination, good or bad measure certain action would be achivied or the measure which cause effect from that action

Two Flow Ethics Teleologi:

– Egoism Ethics

– Utilitarianisme

Egoism

The core view of selfishness is some action from every person which basically aim for pursing privasion and promote theme self. Egoism is become serious issue when the people is become hedonism. hedonism is some people who find the happinese, materialistic and interest privasion on this earth solely just for  vulgar pleasure.

Example :  a manager company want to make some development into the company, but the manager didn’t want to increase employee opinion which give interisting information for increase this system. the manager just want to do what he want to do without negotiation to their employee. in the end the system which increasing by the manager is become not productive  or not useful and can make some big potential effect to their company.

Utilitarianisme

This teory is a action which get useful benefit, but that benefit is not only concern except the people get whole it. From the think of framework, utilitarianesme is criteria to make good or bad decision is “the greatest happiness of the greatest number”,

Example : Every teritory leader whichwant to increase therir region into a Tour. Teritory Leader is mentioned want some opinion to the their people and invite the people to work together for increasing their region. That decision action is can get benefit to people and the region it self.

2. Deontologi

The deontologi from greech means is deon that mean is obligation. because our duty is the first action in this life. the teory deontology is already accept in the religion context

3. Mandate teory

In the moral mature perhaps this teory is more approaching for evaluation good or bad some attitude. Themandatet teory is some aspect from deontology teory, because connect with obligation. Mandate and Obligation is integrated two same side money. the same category mandate is  first to person and second to people. because the mandate is most suitable with democratis thoughts.

4. Virtue Teory (Virtue)

Virtue teory is viewing attitude people. the action from this attitude is must fair and honest. The most primary from this part is defiened by dispotition character which already get by people and get good behavior some percentage as moral

Example :

a. Wisdom

b. Justice

c. Hardworking

d. Good Hapinese Life

D. EGOISM

Egoism is means some not fair object to people. The core of egoism from this view is some action from every people on pursuing the personaly life into growth themselves. The part from  this can become one determination from moral action a every single people. This Egoism is can become new serious matter when people tend focus to become hedonistis, that mean when personal happinese and interest just for themeself.

Egoism is the wayof view to protect and increase which luckly themeself and usually have some effect into increase the personal image like social, intellectual and the other. Egoism is never look to other person or people in generally and just think theme self.

Reference:

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etika

http://gustinerz.com/8-prinsip-etika-dalam-keperawatan/

https://sariioktavia.wordpress.com/2015/11/01/basis-teori-etika/